Space Weapons and Spacepower

This study examines the real power behind spacepower with the goal of bringing clarity to one small facet of a complex subject. The real or underlying power behind spacepower lies not in the basic space support capabilities of the current on-orbit inventory, but in the real and potential capacity to act independently and to apply force in and from space. This requires an analysis of the controversial issue of space weaponization, dealt with directly to crystallize the discussion and push the characterization and analysis of spacepower to its logical limits. In so doing, the theoretical construct supports the notion that space weaponization is a critical component for any fully realized definition of military spacepower. Yet, the true strength behind spacepower extends beyond weaponization. It is shown here that knowledge and use of the inherent benefits of operating in the space medium are the keys to maximizing whatever level of spacepower the state maintains. In making the case, a working definition of spacepower is offered: the capacity of a state to exert prompt and sustained influence in and from space. That influence can: but does not have to: include space-based weapons. This description was derived by outlining how national space character, operating in the medium, access to the medium, contesting the medium, force enhancement, and force application are all vital components of spacepower. Having established this working definition, coercion is introduced as the underlying military precept to exerting influence in and from space.